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Scientist renews call for fish farm moratorium

Marine scientist Inka Milewski spoke to a crowd of more than 75 people in Shelburne on Thursday, July 12.

Marine scientist Inka Milewski spoke to a crowd of more than 75 people in Shelburne on Thursday, July 12.

Greg Bennett
Published on July 16, 2012
Published on July 16, 2012
Greg Bennett  RSS Feed
Topics :
Shelburne Harbour , Sandy Point , Inner Shelburne Harbor

By Greg Bennett

There were no pro-fish farm protestors this time, but the message was at least in part the same.

Marine scientist Inka Milewski told a crowd of more than 75 people gathered in Shelburne on Thursday, July 12 that a moratorium on fish farm licenses is needed until the ecological damage that open ocean farms cause is better understood.

Last summer people coming to hear Milewski at a Shelburne talk were greeted by dozens of sign-carrying pro-fish farm supporters. The only indication of anything similar this time around was a lone pro aquaculture sign posted on a telephone pole outside the venue.

During Thursday night’s talk, the marine scientist offered some new evidence on the environmental impacts of fish farms and she gave a guided tour of the sea bottom in Shelburne Harbour, under the site of a decommissioned salmon farm.

The seafloor imaging and sampling survey at the old Sandy Point salmon aquaculture site showed a considerable degradation of the bottom, she said.

Results of the survey indicate the area of sea bottom below the decommissioned site was highly contaminated and had a very low biodiversity rating.

 “It is generally a biologically depleted environment,” she said. “The harbor needs time to recover.”

She said the results of the survey suggest that the entire Inner Shelburne Harbour may not have the capacity to assimilate the "organic waste load" from multiple farm sites and that additional, sustained, cumulative organic waste loading may prove disastrous for salmon farm operators in Inner Shelburne Harbor.

In April, Milewski sent a copy of the report and her findings to Fisheries and Aquaculture Minister Sterling Belliveau.

In that report she recommends that the Inner Shelburne Harbour be cleared of all salmon farm sites noting that the farm sites are preventing the Harbour from recovering,” says Milewski.

At Thursday’s talk, she also questioned the federal approvals of two fish farm sites in Jordan Bay, noting that scientific modeling shows the sea bottom near the sites will quickly be overwhelmed by uneaten fish food and feces, once fish are in place.

Milewski also called on the government to release all environmental monitoring data for all existing salmon farm sites.

Asked why governments seem to ignore scientific tools designed to protect the environment, Milewski said department managers are often tasked with implementing policies to promote industry.

“The scientific outcomes are presented to someone trying to implement the government’s agenda,” she said, noting that governments are more often more interested in job creation than environmental impacts.

 

Comments

  • Username
    reader
    - July 20, 2012 at 02:49:45

    You infer that I am against open-pen farming. I am neither for nor against it at this point. There is too much disagreement among scientists for me to have what I would consider an informed opinion about the practice. NOAA (you will find at least one of their reports on salmonfarmscience.com) supports open-pen salmon farming in one report while offering a list of concerns in another report. Obviously, the jury is not in yet. ---------------------------------------------------- With respect to your comments about the study: “All done on one day. There is no mention of any baseline data for comparison.” The Executive Summary stated that this was a ‘field survey’. The grabs were subsequently analyzed in a lab using scientific methods. The parameters of the study were quite clear. (As for bias, the report clearly stated, “The soft-bottom community in Shelburne Harbour has been subject to decades of organic loading from riverine inputs, fish plants, sewage plants and, in the last two decades, salmon farm waste and it is possible that the Inner Shelburne Harbour area may be in a state of organic enrichment and contamination. In order to test this hypothesis, further, more extensive sampling would be required.”) I do not understand your comment about the map having no legend. What sort of legend do you mean? There is a map clearly showing lines of longitude and latitude, and there is a legend accompanying that map that indicates the meaning of the symbols and other information. The benthic sampling stations are clearly marked on the map and are also defined by lines of latitude and longitude in a chart. The same is true of the video transects. Indexes and measurement criteria are presented. All on-site processing procedures and subsequent laboratory procedures are clearly defined. All equipment is listed. Another team could easily reproduce this study by reading this report. Also, the report points out data that were unreliable and discarded. ----------------------------------------------------- I fail to understand how you interpret my links as being sensationalist just because the information provided in them does not support your obvious point of view. Are you referring to Kelly's Cove admission about slime and algae? Are you referring to Cooke Aquaculture's indictment? Are you referring to the WWF or the Center for Disease Control? Are you referring to the comments of those whose lives were affected by open pens? Perhaps a report that is now available through the NIH site--A Global Assessment of Salmon Aquaculture Impacts on Wild Salmonids—would be less sensational: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2235905/?tool=pubmed The politics of open-pen farming are patent. In 2007, Dexter criticized the government for not listening to coastal communities when the people opposed open-pen farming. Once he became Premier, he did a quick about-turn. Now HE is the one not listening to coastal communities. He has gone from championing the coastal population to pushing his “jobs start here” agenda. I am sure that the people who once believed his word will remember his insincerity at election time. In “Salmon Wars” Stirling Belliveau says that he fished alongside aquaculture sites, but the question is, what type of sites? Is “Mr. Mussel” referring to a few mussel stockings or to salmon pens? Do we really believe that the effect of an accumulation of pesticides, concentrated feeding, waste, and heavy metals will NOT affect the areas under and around pens? Even “high school students and emotion struck anti- aquaculturists” can understand that you cannot keep adding solids to a concentrated area of the ocean floor and not expect to change that area, even if that area will recover two to three years after the pen is moved. Perhaps you think that concern about how viruses jump hosts is unfounded, so there can be no fear that other fish can become infected. “ISAV is an othomyxovirus of a new genus (Aquaorthomyxovirus) that is closely related to the influenza viruses.” (US National Library of Medicine / National Institutes of Health ). Flu viruses have been known to jump species. Sea lice move. Seagulls eat penned fish and then eliminate over open water. Live viruses can be shed in fecal matter. And, to quote Milewski, “Depending on the infectious agent and the infectious load at the farm site, pathogens from farmed salmon can be transmitted to invertebrates, birds, other fishes, plankton, sediments, and carried on various fish wastes which, in turn, can serve as reservoirs for the pathogen.” There is a famous maxim, “We don’t know what we don’t know.”

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    • Username
      bob milne
      - March 11, 2013 at 22:53:30

      my comment is refined to the " survey" as you describe it. for it is the only reference to any science in the article. Certainly the "call for a moratorium" ( as the title suggests) might be based on some discussion of the science and not relegated to the banter of un supported opinion. Personally, I'm ok with eating(cooked or otherwise) a virus found in only cold-blooded saltwater fish and not known to survive above 20 degree celsius. The six grabs of data that are the basis of this survey are a mere snapshot of a moment in time. The bias is apparent by the choice to analyse in depth only sites one and six that display visible disparity of substrate. Yes , that could be repeated but still we would learn nothing of the effects from salmon farming on the sea floor.

  • Username
    bob milne
    - July 19, 2012 at 02:28:03

    Response to Reader, I took the time to read the research paper referred to in the article. Did You? It can be found here http://friendsofshelburneharbour.org/uploads/McGregorMilewskiSandyPointApr2012.pdf If you expect anyone but maybe high school students and emotion struck anti- aquaculturists to take any notice of such a biased piece of work, you are sadly mistaken. This study managed by Milewski , and financed by the CCND proves absolutely nothing. The sampling consists of 6 benthic samples , several hours of video footage, and many photos. All done on one day. There is no mention of any baseline data for comparison. The map of the sample area has NO LEGEND. There is no mention of current or tidal flow nor any delineation of exactly where the farm was situated. There is essentially nothing to compare the data with. In order to gain valuable scientific information about the sea-floor under a salmon farm, it is critical to observe before, during and after the tenure. This has not been done. This paper, much like all of your links refer to sensationalist stories created to fuel the anti- aquaculture camp. These stories and a plethora of science research articles on the topic are posted in the library at www.salmonfarmscience.com How many have you read?

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  • Username
    Reader
    - July 18, 2012 at 03:32:29

    Tim Cullen, I was not pointing a finger at government scientists. I was pointing a finger at our elected representatives. I think it is their duty to listen to scientists and those who have had experience with open-pen fish farming, and then to explain to the public why they are dismissing evidence and permitting the open-pen model. Merely saying that protocols are in place is not enough. Why are they not listening to the people who have lived beside the open pens? Did you READ the report that generated this discussion? “The scientific outcomes are presented to someone trying to implement the government’s agenda,” she said, noting that governments are more often more interested in job creation than environmental impacts.’ That is a marine scientist speaking out. I guess her comments must also be ridiculous and spineless. Where did I say that the lobster industry as a whole would be gone? I said, “the destruction of lobstering areas.” Areas, not the entire industry. However, you might want to read this article: http://bangordailynews.com/2011/11/03/business/cooke-aquaculture-charged-with-killing-lobsters-in-canada and this article: http://bangordailynews.com/2011/01/07/business/pesticide-use-lobster-deaths-probed-in-down-east-waters/. I think you need to reread both the article about Milewski’s findings and my comments before assuming the attack position. You might also want to read the following which indicates, as do the above articles, that the company with which our government is dealing has a less than stellar reputation. (http://thechronicleherald.ca/business/37708-feds-fine-nb-fish-firms-improper-pesticide-use ). Here is another article: “ Environment Canada’s enforcement division has indicted the multinational firm Cooke Aquaculture and three of its senior officials on eleven criminal charges stemming from illegal pesticide applications that spread to sicken and kill wild lobsters.” http://www.enewspf.com/latest-news/science-a-environmental/28778-pesticide-poisoning-of-lobsters-leads-to-indictment.html. You can find many articles (for example, http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/story/2011/11/02/nb-company-charged-in-lobster-death.html) about the indictment if you Google “kelly cove indicted salmon pesticide”. I cannot find the update for the June 13 appearance in the St. Stephen court, but I assume that this information will be online soon. Here is an article that, in part, discusses the manner in which the provincial government does NOT answer the concerns of the people: http://halifax.mediacoop.ca/story/pooping-bed/11552 (Belliveau’s response to a question about protocols was, ““Health and medicinal treatments are tightly regulated under the federal Feeds Act, the Food and Drug Act and Regulations, the Pest Control Products Act, the Fisheries Act, the Nova Scotia Environment Act, the Nova Scotia Veterinary Medical Act, and the Nova Scotia Pharmacy Act. The purpose of these Acts is to safeguard the health of humans, marine life, and the environment.”) As the author of the article asks, just what are these protocols? (Perhaps some of them are contained in this report: http://friendsofshelburneharbour.org/uploads/EIA_ Shelburne_Harbour_Mar_09.pdf) I would ask whether New Brunswick also had these protocols in place. If so, why was Cooke Aquaculture able to use a pesticide that resulted in an indictment? Further information about the hazards of open-pen farming can be found here: http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/expeditions/2010/11/17/is-salmon-farming-bad-for-the-oceans/ http://www.friendsofportmoutonbay.ca/ http://wwf.worldwildlife.org/site/PageNavigator/SalmonSOIForm (a working group of Canadians and Americans) And in this article, http://responsibleaquaculture.wordpress.com/2011/09/02/shelburne-fish-farm-lawsuit-to-continue/ you will read that, “Justice LeBlanc also took into account Kelly Cove,s admissions in their pleadings that the salmon farms in Shelburne harbour have resulted in cloudy water, algae and slime in certain areas.” And, of course, a very basic question is, if everything is under control, why are the fish getting infectious anemia? The host (sea lice) obviously cannot be controlled without dumping pesticides into our waters. If you do some research, you will find that some of these pesticides affect far more than the sea louse. YOU may be quite happy when the new norm is having diseased farmed salmon for supper “Seems like lobster and salmon get on well together in the ocean and on my plate.” Many of us would not be happy to sit down to a supper of sick salmon despite any assurances that there is no effect on humans. Host jumping is not restricted to mammal-to-mammal jumps (for example, the avian virus jumps directly from birds to humans as well as jumping from birds to humans through pigs). You can research that at the Center for Disease Control. What we don’t YET know may hurt us in future. Do not assume that those of us who ask questions are against salmon farming. Many of us are simply concerned about the open-pen model for very obvious reasons. I very much hope that a safe, sustainable model of aquaculture will be instrumental in creating jobs for Nova Scotians around the province. However, it truly is up to us to question the governments about their decisions. Are those who are giving their stamp of approval really listening to scientists and those who have lived near the pens, or are they too much focused on promoting the concept of the NDP as a government that creates jobs? If you believe that everything about the open-pen model is safe, you should have no problem with people asking questions (http://www.saveourcoastalfishery.com/docs/aq-vol1.pdf). If you believe that your faith in the safety of the model will be vindicated, you do not need to attack anyone who asks questions.

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  • Username
    Tim Cullen
    - July 17, 2012 at 13:54:16

    Response to "READER". The accusation that professionals in their field who choose to work for our government are ignoring values and professional ethics is absurd and insulting (probably your intention). It's a ridiculous statement with no spine to support it. Interesting that while aquaculture has grown on the coast, so has the catch of lobster. Record year for lobster catch this year, wasn't it? Seems like lobster and salmon get on well together in the ocean and on my plate.

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    • Username
      Tim Hiltz
      - July 17, 2012 at 15:58:51

      Why would you find it absurd that professionals within the Provincial and Federal Government that have been tasked with the development of the Aquaculture industry would ignore the long term environmental impacts of those actions for a short term gain to a local economy. It seems to fit what we can expect, poor future planning for long term sustainability, to gain a few votes in the short term. We have seen it many times before and are still seeing it now. Sinking millions of dollars into a failing steel industry, or pulp industry comes to mind. Two good examples of knee jerk reactions to try to prop up a dying industry in the desperate hope that the jobs will remain until after the next election. And what is the long term legacy of this type of decision making, debt, degradation of the environment, and ultimately the loss of the jobs that were bought at too high a price. Seems to be quite a reasonable accusation that "professionals in the field" would be directed to ignore the facts and support yet another unsustainable industry.

  • Username
    reader
    - July 17, 2012 at 08:43:54

    Governments thus far have been ignoring evidence-based reports in favour of promoting open-pen farming as JOB CREATION. This is a totally untenable position because the creation of a few jobs in this industry could spell the destruction of lobstering areas.

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